Flying-machine.



JOSEPH T. CROW, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

i FLYING MACHINE.

Application filed May 4, 1915.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOSEPH T. Cnw, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Flying-Machine, of which the following is a specification.-

This invention has reference to flying machines and its object is to provide a flying machine wherein the propellers may be made to exert both lifting and propelling forces.

In accordance with the present invention ;the body of the machine is provided with @planes, and in'conjunction therewith there are provided on opposite sides of the longi- :tudinal center line propellers rotatable gupon an axis transverse of the length of the machine, such propellers having featherin blades with means for controlling circum erentially the feathering of the blades, 50 that various combinations of lifting and propelling forces are possible. Moreover, Jy utilizing two propellers on opposite sides )f the longitudinal center line ofthe ma- :hine and separately controlling the points Lt which feathering takes place, the ma- :hine may be made to tip or to counteract ipping forces at the will of the operator. in conjunction with the planes and propelers the machine is provided with up and [own and lateral steering devices.

The invention will be best understood rom a consideration of the following deiiled description, taken in connection with he accompanying drawings forming part f this specification, with the further under- ;anding that while the drawings show a ractical form of the invention, the latter not confined to any strict conformity ith the showing of the drawings, but may a changed and modified so long as such ranges and modifications mark no mate al departure from the salient features of re invention.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side eleition of'the flying machine with some LltS in section. Fig. 2 is a front elevation. .g. 3is a longitudinal section through one the propellers. Fig. 4 is a plan view of e of the pro cllers. Fig. 5 is a detail aw of one 0 the adjustable eccentrics. g. G is a cross-section of. an eccentric on Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J time 13, 1916. Serial No. 25,803.

Referring to the drawings there is shown beams 1, 2, uprights 3, 4, and cross beams 5, 6, the latter providing lateral extensions of the'front portion of the machine. The beams 1 and 2 are continued to the rear of the main frame with uprights 7 and braces 8 strengthening the parts wherever needed, while ward continuation carries an upright rudder 9'and a horizontal rudder 10. The rudder 9 is carried by an upright post 11 and the rudder is mounted on horizontal bearings 12 carried by an upright post 13. The rudder 9 is under the control of manipulating strands 14 and the rudder 10 is under the control of manipulating strands 15 carried to within reach of an operators seat 16. This seat is mounted upon side bars 17 converging toward the rear of the machine and there connected to the beams 2 by arch members 18 or otherwise, while the front ends of the bars 17 are carried by brackets 19 depending from the cross bars 6.

The under frame made up of the bars 17 and other parts connected thereto is provided with carrying wheels 20, 21, and 22, so that when the machine is on the ground itf'is supported by the wheels and is capable o tcrmediate of the length of the machine-to move the wheels 20 the ground in opposite directions The beams 5 and G extend laterally beyond the beams l and '2 to provide lateral extensions at the front of the machine, and at the top of this portion of the machine there is provided a plane 23. Journaled in uprights '24 atthe outer ends of the lateral extensions is a shaft extending entirely across the body ofthe machine and the lateral extensions, and at an intermediate point. this shaft is journaled in'a hanger-26 where the shaft is wheel 27" to receive power from any suitable source of energy which may consist,- as is customary, of an explosion engine, but it has not been deemed necessary to show a propelling engine because such devices are ex tremely common. In order to keep the center of gravity of the machine low, the engine and 22 toward and from provided with a sprocket at the extreme rear the rearrocking on the wheels 21 which are in-" 5 those on the other side of may be mounted in the space below the front end of the machine.

Mounted on the shaft 25 within the main frame are disks 26 in eccentricrelation to the shaft andlloose thereon so that the shaft may revolve in the disks. Each disk is made fast to one end of a rod or link 27, the other end of which is fast to an adjusting lever 28 within easy reach of the operator, there being a separate lever for each disk, so that it may be adjusted about the shaft independently of the other dis'k.

Fast on the shaft at suitably spaced points are arms 27 each projecting oppositely from the shaft, there being a pair of arms 27 for each disk 26. The outer ends of eachpairof arms are connected by bars or strips 28, each ending in a threaded stem 29 to which is applied a'nut 30 outside of the arm sothat each pairof arms 27 with the end strips 28 constitutes aframe.

J ournaled at the ends in the side arms 27 of each frame are arbors 31 each carrying ablade 32 projecting radially from the arbor on diametrically opposite sides thereof. The'blades' 32 are so disposed that their outer edges will overlap -when they are brought into engagement,=in which case the blades unite-to form an'extended web of a length nearly that of the distance from the shaft 25 to the respective end -bar28. 'hen the blades :are turned into substantially right-angular or perpendicular relation to the plane of the frame they are insubstantially feathered relation to their line of travel when the frame rotates with the shaft 25. The arrangement is such that when the blades 32 on one side of the shaft are closed, the shaft present their edges to the direction of travel of the .blades so as to offer no material impediment to rotation while the closed blades meet-the full resistance of the air. There aretherefore on opposite sides of the machine two propellers each made up.of a flat frame with series of flat blades thereon and during each rotation of the shaft the'blades are rocked through about a half revolution by means to be described.

Each disk 26 is shown as provided with a circumferential tongue 33 seated in an annular groove 34 int. ring 35 formed of like parts surrounding the disk and held together by screws 36 or otherwise. At diametrically opposite points the ring 35 car- 1, riess'tuds 37 and each stud is pivotally connected with a corresponding bar 38 c'onnected. by a link 39-t6a respective blade 32 near one end adjacent to the corresponding outer edge of the blade. The link 39 is made fast to. the blade and is connected to the bar 38 by a pivot 40. When the bar 38 is moved in a lengthwise direction it is caused 'to approach 0r recede from the corresponding portion of the arm 27, the blades 32 rocking about their journals into the closed or open position, as the case may be.

If it be assumed that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3 the blades on the 'If the shaft 25 be considered as rotating toward the left or counterclockwise the ring 35 participates in such rotation because of the connection of the bars 38 with the ring, although the relativespeed of rotation of the arms 27 and the ring 35 varies somewhat because as theframe made up of the arms 27 rotates in the direction stated the bar 38 on the right hand side is caused to approach the corresponding arm 27 with a parallel motion whereby the upper edges of the blades as viewed in the figure move away from the shaft 25, while the lower edges of the blades approach the shaft and the contrary movement takes place with those blades 32 on the left hand side of the shaft until the relative position of the blades is reversed. Because of the rotative movement of the arms 27 theblades on the right hand side of the shaft in the showing of Fig. 3 have reached the left hand side thereof and are closed together, while the blades on the left hand side of Fig. 3 have reached the right hand side thereof and are in the feathered position. Under the particular conditions assumed, and further assuming that in the showing of Fig. 3 the arms 27 are horizontal, the blades become effective shortly before they close together and lose their effectiveness only after they have reached a position below the shaft. The res nlt of this is that the propellers in the particular showing of Fig. 3 exert a lifting action on the machine and give to it a forward impulse while the remainder of the rotation of the propeller with respect to either end is substantially ineffective. If the disk 26 be rotated the time of feathering of the blades is correspondingly changed, so that it is within the province of the operator to vary the effect of the propellers upon the air and to the machine, and any lifting and propelling effect may thereby be brought-about.

Under some circumstances it maybe dcsirable to have the propellers act quite out of phase with relation to each other, thereby either causing the machine to tip or counteracting some air effect which would, otherwise cause the machine to tip. The forward- 

